How to Conjugate Agir (to Act) in French

As you continue to learn French, you may want to use the verb  agir, which means to act. Conjugating this French verb to match the subject and tense of a subject is actually quite easy because it is a regular verb. This quick French lesson will show you exactly how to do that. Conjugating the French Verb  Agir It is necessary to conjugate French verbs so they make sense in the context we wish to use them. We cannot simply use  agir  anytime we wish to say something or someone is acting or has acted. Instead, we need to change the ending of the verb and this is called conjugation. The good news is that  agir  is an easy one to conjugate. It follows the typical pattern of  regular  -ir verbs  to tell us which ending to use. This makes learning the conjugations for similar verbs rather easy. In the case of  agir, you can use the chart to discover the proper form to use based on the subject pronoun -- the I, he, we, etc. which are j, il, nous in French -- and the tense required. For instance, to say I act, you would say jagis in French. Subject Present Future Imperfect j' agis agirai agissais tu agis agiras agissais il agit agira agissait nous agissons agirons agissions vous agissez agirez agissiez ils agissent agiront agissaient Agirs Present Participle The  present participle  of  agir  is  agissant. Its a very useful conjugation as it can act as a verb, meaning acting, or you can utilize it as an adjective, gerund, or noun. Another  Past Tense of  Agir Its likely that you will use the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  for the past tense rather than the imperfect in many instances. Its even easier with a verb like  agir  because theres no need to worry about the subject as all instances use the same form of  agir. In order to use the  passà © composà ©, you must first conjugate the auxiliary verb  to match the subject. For this verb, we use  avoir.  You will also need the past participle, which is agi. To put these pieces together, if we want to say I acted, it would be jai agi in French. Likewise, we acted is quite simply nous avons agi. You will note that ai and avons are the conjugates of our auxiliary (or helping) verb  avoir. More Conjugations of  Agir Among those conjugations above, you should be familiar with the present, future, and  passà © composà ©. The other forms, as well as those below, will be used on occasion. While its not necessary to memorize them, you should be aware of them. The subjunctive is a verb mood that is used when the action is undecided. Likewise, the conditional verb mood is used when the action is dependent on conditions -- it may or may not happen. The last two columns contain the  passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive of the verb  agir. These forms are used in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j' agisse agirais agis agisse tu agisses agirais agis agisses il agisse agirait agit agà ®t nous agissions agirions agà ®mes agissions vous agissiez agiriez agà ®tes agissiez ils agissent agiraient agirent agissent The final conjugation of  agir  that you need to be concerned with is the imperative. This is another mood verb form that is used on occasion. The catch here is that you do not need to use the subject pronoun. Instead, it is implied in the imperative verb.   For instance, instead of tu agis you can simply use the verb  agis. Imperative (tu) agis (nous) agissons (vous) agissez Expand Your Understanding of  Agir Not only is  agir  a regular verb, it is also an impersonal verb. This means that it can be used in the impersonal form of  sagir de  which means to be a question of or to have to do with. Also, when you want to say to act like you will need to use the proper preposition. For  agir, that would be  agir en.

CONCEPT NOTE ON SUPPORT FOR STREET CHILDREN IN KABUL

CONCEPT NOTE ON SUPPORT FOR STREET CHILDREN IN KABUL Background Justification The legacy of decades of war in Afghanistan led to a nationwide breakdown of social and economic structures. Poverty is the main determinant of child labour, many families consider not having other choice but to put their children to work. The United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that 31% of 5-14 years old are engaged in child labour and the net enrollement rate of primary school is just above 50% . Street work is one of the most intensive activity sector. Parents consider a valid solution to resort to it temporarily to face unexpected crisis. This sudden poverty can be the result of national, local or family events, including death and illnesses.†¦show more content†¦In Kabul City, more than half of the population is under 19 and besides the lack of birth registration and proper birth certificates, identity cards or school certificates, there is an endemic family poverty. The increasing number of street working children is due also to the change in family struct ure and high number of orphans; only half of school age children are enrolled in school . After the Taliban’s fall in 2001, the Afghan Government has been working with local communities, non-governmental organizations and international community (UNICEF became a leading partner in the reconstruction of the education sector, a relationship that continues today). Together, they have repaired hundreds of school buildings, provided safe water and sanitation facilities to more than 1,000 others, supplied more than 8,500 tents to house temporary classrooms and airlifted thousands of tons of school supplies into the country . Informal education plays a significant role in the education of street working children (14%), this is mainly due to education provided to them by NGOs in Kabul. When asked for reasons behind their lack of attendance at school and lack of education, child workers ranked their top 3 reasons as follows: necessity to work, high cost of school related expenses and their parents decision not to have the child enrol in school . In response to this situation, BDN proposes to give an opportunity to receive the

Environmental Science for Growing Population- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Science for Growing Population. Answer: Introduction According to the recent international statistics, the world has seen a considerable population growth rate of 1.12% in 2017 (World Bank, 2017). Particularly, in the United Arab Emirates, the population has been increasing steadily over the last two decades. Highest in the rank is Dubai which has recently observed an average growth rate of 5% to 7.5 %: one fastest growth rates in the world. Factors such as per capita income, social, or the age pyramid can affect the demographic change. As such, many demographic researchers in UAE believe that immigration mainly accelerates the population growth imbalance. Oil exploration saw a rapid change in the population growth rate pattern. It fostered economic development thereby encouraging more births. However, population growth has raised environmental concerns that need to be addressed. Effects of the growing population Air pollution Air pollution refers to the emission of harmful substances that reduce the air quality to the atmosphere either directly or indirectly. Increased population has seen increased demand for natural resources such as petroleum and natural gas which come from fossil fuels. UAE being one of the largest producers of oil and natural gas in the world, fossil fuels emission to the atmosphere is inevitable. When fossil fuels are burnt, they emit toxic substances and greenhouse gases. Additionally, increased human activities such as power plants construction increase the effluents to the air. Agricultural-based industries emit ammonia which one of the most hazardous gases. Also, manufacturing industries release carbon monoxide, organic compounds, chemicals, hydrocarbons and other chemicals that reduce the quality of air. Air pollution can cause harm to human beings as well as other living organisms. For instance, it causes respiratory and heart problems. Moreover, it causes global warming. Global warming refers to the rise in temperatures of the earth. Consequently, melting of polar ice which increases sea levels, and flooding of the coastal plains. Also, global warming causes climate change that subsequently leads to encroachment of desert-like conditions. Furthermore, when harmful gases like nitrogen oxide and sulfur are exposed to the atmosphere, moisture may combine with these pollutants resulting to acid rains. Thus, causing damage to the human skin, plants, and animals. Besides, air pollution leads to the depletion of the ozone layer. The ozone layer is responsible for protecting human beings from damaging UV rays. The presence of hydrochlorofluorocarbons makes the protective ozone layer thin, and the harmful rays can cause skin cancer. Water pollution Water pollution refers to the emission of harmful substances to water making it unsafe for human consumption as well as other living organisms consumption. Secondly, the major environmental issue affecting UAEs large population in towns is the unavailability of fresh water for consumption. Wastewater pollution in UAE is caused by fuel combustion and of petroleum products, transport activities and industrial activities. According to International Energy Agency, UAEs per-capita waste generation is one of the highest in the world (2015). Subsequently, the biodiversity and the ecosystem are affected negatively. As such, the government has taken initiatives to mitigate such issues and protect the environment. Manufacturing and its impact on human, environment, and energy The current dramatic population growth has seen a subsequent increase in industrialization in UAE. Especially the manufacturing industry. To a significant degree, this has revolutionized and fostered economic development. However, most of these sectors utilize fuels which burn to cause detrimental effects to the environment. For instance, increased industrialization leads to over-exploitation of natural resources, land degradation, overreliance water pollution, global warming and air pollution. Notably, these effects have been discussed in details in other sections. Land degradation and desertification. Besides water and air pollution, UAE also faces the problem of over-exploitation of natural resources. Population increase affects social order patterns as well as the typical consumption systems making drought and desertification more severe and unbearable. Similarly, increasing pressure on the available natural resources, urban encroachment along with the high utilization of fertilizers and pesticides contribute to soil deterioration. As a result, the UAE alongside other peninsula countries have come up with strategies to combat desertification and land degradation. Overfishing On the other hand, the increased population has led to overfishing. Notably, marine species such as fish have primarily dropped not only due to climatic change but also demographic growth. UAE has been over-relying on fish as the chief source of food making the citizens seek alternative sources of food. Invasive species The large population has led to increased commercial activities even engagement in illicit trade which threatens UAEs biodiversity. As a result, plants with the ability to withstand the high temperatures and high levels of salinity have been employed in the country to be applied in landscaping in large cities, cultivation of new forests whereas other species have been claimed as personal belongings. Foreign species have been noted in result to unfavorable consequences on wildlife and the environment. Notably, there exist many migratory wild animals such as sea turtles, bird of prey, dugongs, and sharks. Such species are exposed to imminent hazards that often threaten their existence. Huge energy cost of Desalination Abu Dhabi, a city in UAE which is recognized as one of the worlds superpowers regarding oil production, holds 94% and 90% of the countrys oil reserves and natural gas respectively (Caboun, 2017). However, the recent economic development that was accompanied by increase in energy demand threatens the oil reserves. The rise in energy demand and consumption has been attributed to the demographic pressures as well as the significant economic development. Additionally, significant subsidies offered in the energy market encourages over-consumption. Similarly, with the limited availability of fresh water for consumption, UAE government employs desalination of the salty sea water. A process that requires the huge investment of electricity or steam to treat the water. According to Caboun (2017), UAE possesses the third most abundant water desalination plant in the United States and Saudi Arabia. As a result, desalination costs are expected to increase by 5% annually due to the population growth. However, some desalination plants are combined with power plants to improve energy consumption efficiency. Desalination plants produce emissions making Dubai one of the largest carbon footprints in the world. Such facilities also generate heated sludge which pollutes water once it is pumped into the sea. A possible future oil and energy crisis Despite the fact that UAE holds one of the largest oil reserves in the world, it may fail to meet the annual increase in electricity demand of about 7% (Caboun, 2017). Further, Caboun (2017) argues that natural gas demand and consumption has surpassed the production rate and the gap is expected to widen. Whereas there might be the availability of enough resources to meet future demand for oil (International Energy Agency, 2015). UAE and other Middle East countries continue to face energy crisis due to over-dependence on natural gas for generation of electricity Discussion and Suggestion The numerous adverse effects of the growing population that have even led to the missing connection between people and energy need to be addressed. The first step to combating such problems is to identify the root their cause. As such a number, the government has to formulate and implement measures that could eliminate over-dependence on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy. For instance, spearheading projects that encourage the use of alternative sources (renewable sources) of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal and biomass. As a result, emissions from the burning of fossil fuels would considerably decrease thereby reducing air pollution, global warming, and water pollution. Additionally, energy efficient mechanisms can be employed in manufacturing industries for conserving the available energy reserves. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that population increase is inevitable and it will continue to pose significant dangers in the utilization of the available resources as well as environmental effects. However, if the suggested measures are implemented, then population growth would be of great benefit regarding nation building rather than posing challenges. References Caboun. (2017). Averting Crisis: Managing Energy Use in Abu Dhabi. Retrieved from https://www.carboun.com/energy/averting-crisis-managing-energy-use-in-abu-dhabi/ Government.ae. (2017, March). Environmental challenges - The Official Portal of the UAE Government. Retrieved from https://government.ae/en/information-and-services/environment-and-energy/environmental-challenges-in-the-uae International Energy Agency. (2015). OMR - OMR Public. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/oilmarketreport/omrpublic/ World Bank. (2017). Population growth (annual %) | Data. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW

The Bilingual Difference Essay Example For Students

The Bilingual Difference Essay The linguistic and cultural clashes that children encounter, and how they negotiate between their ethnic and American mainstream cultures, and how these clashes and problems influence their relationship with their parents and their ethnic identities as a whole and how they were dealt with differently as we look at two stories dealing with two girls who are both coming of age in different society from where they originally came from. Jairys Jargon a story written by Carmen-Gloria Ballista, is a story that encounters the life of a young girl coming of age in Puerto Rico, except shes originally from New York. Milly Cepedas story, Mari y Lissy, is a story about twin sisters who differ in personality and are often at odds with each other, but are both learning to live in a city that is very different from where they came from. We will write a custom essay on The Bilingual Difference specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Both stories represent both sides of bilingualism as far as Puerto Ricans who live in the United States and then move to Puerto Rico, and Puerto Ricans who move to the United States from Puerto Rico. The linguistic clashes that these girls encountered were frustrating to their new knowledge of the culture and language. Although, these girls are Puerto Rican, it is important to state that they were not all born on the Island. In Jarys Jargon, Jahaira (Jary) Molina is an eleven years old who moves to San Juan, Puerto Rico. Jairy who grew up in New York finds herself overwhelmed by the difference from New York to San, Juan. Jary thought that she would fit in because she spoke the language. The only problem was her Spanish was funny and filled with English words, in other words she spoke what, Spanglish. The other children spoke and sang funny songs that did not make sense to her. In one occasion Jary was outside getting ready to play recess when she noticed all the other kids playing a game, as she tried to join in the children seem to speak Spanish so fast that Jary could not understand. One of the boys in her team became upset with Jary for not understanding and made fun of her. All the children laughed, and Jary at first did not even know what he was saying. She caught on fast that they were making fun of her and she began to run towards the bathroom with tears in her eyes. Language is what makes a culture; it is the base of a culture. Without a certain type of dialect or language people would not join together and create a culture. It is very difficult to accept someone from a different culture, let alone, enter accept a different culture. Cultures can change with a dialect, as in the case of Jary. Her Spanglish is different from the Puerto Rican Spanish spoken amongst the children in her new school. To them she sounds funny, and vice versa. Children can be cruel when accepting new students, imagine a student that is far from the culture? Jary is almost rescued by Miss Hernandez a teacher who spoke both English and Spanish, (and that is Puerto Rican Spanish). Jary befriends Miss Hernandez, as Miss Hernandez helps Jary learn the new language, and remember New York. Even though Miss Hernandez helps Jary with her new transition Jary still has to do a lot on her own. Jary is what many of the kids call a Nuyorican, Jarys parents are also Nuyoricans meaning, they were born and raised in New York but are still Puerto Rican. Jarys parents do not feel the pressure of the culture clash as heavy as Jary. .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 , .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .postImageUrl , .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 , .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:hover , .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:visited , .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:active { border:0!important; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:active , .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15 .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uefd178c9a17a7c7b34564eac8b417e15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A story about seeing MxPx EssayAs Jary begins to sing songs like the other children, she notices she uses the same words as them, and that she starting to speak like them. These clashes influence her relationship with her parents, in that they began to not understand her, for example; Jary would say !que brutal! , (which literally translates into how brutal) when describing something she thought was interesting or nice. Her parents not understanding began to correct her, but she eventually explained to her. Jarys family had picked up many American customs, and many where different than those in Puerto Rico. One day as she invited two new friends from school over, her mothe r served macaroni and cheese for dinner. The girls laughed and made fun of Jarys fake food. These girls were use to eating fresh foods, and a full course meal of traditional Puerto Rican food. The girls making fun of Jary did not help. Jary screamed at her parents in a frustrated manner, saying that they were not fully Puerto Ricans. As far as ethnic identity, Jary slowly began adapting to the ways of the culture surrounding her. She even began to have a crush on Miguel, a boy who also befriended her. Jarys Spanish improved, and she even learned to cook certain foods that were different from mac and cheese. She learned plenty of phrases, songs that were culturally linked, and she learned to surf (something that was impossible in Brooklyn, unless your on the internet). The ethnic identity submergence was noticeable on a vacation Jary took back to New York. Although, she missed the big city she felt estranged when visiting old friends. Not only was Jary physically different (she was taller, darker) the way she talked was too. Jary had taken on a different culture, and slowly began to leave behind her original culture, and her old friends in New York noticed this. In Milly Cepedas story, Mari y Lissy, are twin sisters who differ in personality and are often at odds with each other, but are both learning to live in a city that is very different from where they came from. Mari is an extrovert and Lissy is an introvert, but both are a like when it first came to moving to New York. Lissy did not like the whole idea of leaving her small town of Utuado in Puerto Rico, her sister Mari was ready for a change. As both girls embarked on their adventures in the city that doesnt sleep, they find themselves in a sea of people rushing to get to one place or another. The culture clash is revealed on the first day of school when the two girls enter the doors of Public School 151, the girls could not believe the name of their school was a number, let alone that the school was going to be so big. When lunchtime came around the girls needed to use the bathroom, when they asked a student who mocked them as both girls tried desperately to explain in broken English , Where was the bathroom? Later on that boy so happens to be Seth Goetz who starts having a crush on Lissy, but finds it almost impossible, because his friends ridicule him for liking a girl who speaks broken English. In the course of a year Maris English is slowly perfected as Lissys drags on. Mari and Lissy have very different personalities and it seems as though that trait of difference is what makes each one adapt to the culture in a different way. For instance, because Mari is extroverted, she does not care when the children mock her English, on the other hand Lissy does. Lissy is so conscious of the way she talks that she seldom does. Mari is loquacious and makes more friends than Lissy because she dares to speak the language. .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 , .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .postImageUrl , .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 , .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:hover , .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:visited , .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:active { border:0!important; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:active , .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30 .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4af3741744b70c5a0cf6b61935e21f30:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord Of The Rings (1773 words) EssayBoth Mari and Lissys parents were born and raised in Puerto Rico, and were very old fashion. When Mari had friends call her home (especially boys) her mother would get upset. Their parents would not let them play outside with the other kids, because of their fear of the big city. One day there were some children outside playing basketball and a new game Mari and Lissy learned called, double Dutch. Both girls were so excited to finish their homework and play. When their mother and father came home from work, Mari and Lissy were nowhere to be found. When they read a note on the refrigerator saying that both girls were outside playing. Thei r mother went in a rage and yelled at them and made them come home. In Puerto Rico they were not allowed to miss dinner with their parents or even leave the house without permission. Living in Utuado, Puerto Rico, the girls hometown, where everyone knew everyone, and crime was almost non-existent, was different from living in New York where crime ruled the night and nobody knew everybody in the neighborhood. Going to the movies, even eating a hot dog for dinner were things that the girls parents were not prepared for. They did not consider hotdogs, Chinese, pizza or hamburgers as meals and were reluctant to having the girls enjoy such things. Lissy did not agree with many of these things but she did not argue the rules. Once Mari fought for a craving to eat nachos, as her parents laughed and finally gave in. Unlike Mari, Lissy never dared to challenged authority. Mari began to speak fluent English in a matter of months as for Lissy who would stumble with her English, both of their ethnic identities changed, except Mari changed more. Because Mari was more extroverted she was able to engulf herself into the language and then into the culture. She learned songs, and started reading books in English, while Lissy read books in English; she still had difficulties with making friends. Both stories, Mari y Lissy, and Jarys Jargon are stories that reflect a culture clash with American mainstream culture. Macaroni and cheese and Double Dutch are part of American childrens culture. All three girls in these stories experienced children mocking them, but also people accepting them. Although it seemed that Mari assimilated faster, it does not mean it was easy for her. All three endured the difficulty of being different. Language is crucial upon entering a new culture. Eventually all three girls were bilingual but at first they were not, this made it difficult for the girls. Without the language or like Jary the right dialect, entering a culture can become difficult. The second problem when entering a new culture is not forgetting your old culture. In all three cases, the girls were in contrast with their parents when coming home with the morals, rules, and phrases of a culture so distinct to that of their parents. As the girls grew up in their respective locations of the world, whether Puerto Rico or New York City, they faced the trauma of change, culture clash, ethnic identity, and their parental influence. BibliographyBallista,Carmen-Gloria. Jarys Jargon. San Juan. Muoz Marin Publications, 1998. Cepeda, Milly. Mari y Lissy. New York. Taino Press, 2000. Words/ Pages : 1,786 / 24

Early America essays

Early America essays America. No other word in any language sparks such a passion of energy in people. Why is this? Is it because of the prosperity that the United States is associated with? Maybe, it is the idea of complete freedom. Most people in less fortunate countries dream about a life in a new land. Most often America is the land which pops into their heads. If people in less fortunate countries dream of a new life in America, why has their been a decline of patriotism? Quite possibly it is the lack of education, in the history of our fine country. People have forgotten why we live in a free country, or how our country came to be. Possibly it is the fact that since we no longer realize the overwhelming odds we faced in the revolution, or the matter of why we succeeded from Britain. People take this country for granite. Two authors, Howard Zinn, and Thomas A. Baily have not forgotten why we broke away. These men have similar opinions on the social, political, and revolutionary origins of our country. North and South America were colonized by modern European countries. The way these countries interacted was the basis for society in Colonial America. For example, Spain influenced the colonial times by introducing slavery through the Native Americans. Because of Spains introduction of slavery, it became a way of life in fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth century America. Baily and Zinn both agree that Colonial America was directly influenced socially by the mixing of different cultures from the immigrants. Society was an important factor in colonial America....colonial society was not democratic and certainly not equalitarian; it was dominated by men who had money enough to make others work for them. And: Few of these men were descended from indentured servants, and practically none had themselves been of that class. Here, Zinn gives an example of how society worked....

Who Invented Catseye Road Studs - Percy Shaw

Who Invented Catseye Road Studs - Percy Shaw Percy Shaw (1890-1976) was an English inventor best known for inventing cats eye road studs in 1934. Cats eyes are the road reflectors which help drivers see the road in the fog or at night. In 1947, British Labor Junior Transport Minister Jim Callaghan introduced cats eyes on British roads. Percy Shaw Manufacturer and inventor Percy Shaw was born on April 15, 1890, in Halifax, England. After attending the Boothtown boarding school, Percy Shaw began working as a laborer at a blanket mill at the age of thirteen, however, he studied shorthand and bookkeeping at night school. He started a repair business with his father fixing rollers, which evolved into a path and driveway building business. He designed a miniature motorized roller to aid him in building driveways and paths.​ Cats Eye Road Studs The area in which Percy Shaw lived was prone to fog and the local roads were often hazardous for motorists. Shaw decided to invent reflecting studs that would be set into the surface of unlit roads. He was inspired by the reflection of car headlights in road signs. In fact, he based the idea on another invention- reflective road signs that had been patented in 1927. Percy Shaw patented his Maltese cross-shaped road studs (U.K patent #436,290 and #457,536) and trademarked the name Cats Eye. He formed the Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd to manufacture the new road studs. However, sales were sluggish until the Ministry of Transport mandated Catseyes for British roads.

Debate paper in intellectual properties Assignment

Debate paper in intellectual properties - Assignment Example In the absence of these protection laws, individual’s original ideas would be plagiarized and exploited by unethical participants in a given economic environment (Gollin 23). Therefore, the concept of intellectual property proves advantageous in numerous ways including; Intellectual property in form of a patent protects an individual’s or a company’s original knowledge from duplication by competitors and other unethical parties. Fortunately, the government issues patent owners with the sole right to use an underlying intellectual property for a specified period of time (Tavani and Spinello 41). Currently, advancement in science and technology leads to a corresponding increase in inventions and related knowledge. These new scientific information and technological designs could offer great benefits to business organizations upon application. Undeniably, an inventor or researcher responsible for development of a new piece of information may have invested intensively not only in terms of finances but also in labor hours. In this context, duplication of intellectual property without the owner’s permission would amount to an instance of economic exploitation. Therefore, intellectual property rights are instrumental in preventing expl oitation from competitors. In March 2014, Samsung and Apple Inc ended a patent infringement dispute in court. Allegedly, Samsung duplicated the ’slide to unlock’ feature of Galaxy Nexus smart phones without permission from the feature’s inventor, Apple Inc. Consequently, Samsung paid Apple $120 million in damages. In this context, existence of intellectual property rights prevented further exploitation of Apple’s patented information by its competitor. In another case, SanDisk is seeking to prevent exploitation of its flash memory cards by Apple Inc. Aside from being the plaintiff in Samsung vs. Apple case; Apple Inc also infringes patents of other competitors (Reed 01). As of September 2014, Apple Inc was being sued

Second Great Awakening and Women Activism Essay

Second Great Awakening and Women Activism - Essay Example A female antislavery society was formed by some reformers so as to ensure that women are not ill-treated in the society. American slavery was regarded as a sin against God mainly by female reformers. On the contrary, Congregational Church had denounced abolitionist efforts which were undertaken publicly by women. The social influences were used by females in order to focus on Christian benevolence objects and promoting piety. It has been proclaimed by critics that her tone changes when she assumes to be a public reformer like the man. Female reformers eventually tend to become ostentatious and obtrusive. The charm linked with domestic life is lost when women loose such modesty, which constitutes the real societal influence by women. Sarah Grimke was another female reformer, who had stated her point against the criticism. Grimke sisters had the strong belief on evils related to slavery, after being converted to Quakerism. Sarah Grimke clearly defines in her letter that women have the capability to identify causes behind dangers. This capability is hindered when men feel that women are ruining their modesty by becoming public reformers. She further argued by saying, the New Testament highlights the influence and appropriate duties of women, which can also be regarded as the origin of mighty power. The sense of morality in women had been adversely affected by men in terms of interpreting duties of women. This debate was extended to sayings of Holy Bible, where God has not differentiated amongst human beings.

The first submission Essay Example for Free

The first submission Essay A1 â€Å"I gave an introduction discussing what capital structure is and how it relates to debt vs. equity financing and what maximizes shareholder return and what the goal of the company is in choosing a capital structure approach. I then made my recommendation discussing all approaches for all years using a table with earnings per share in each year for each approach and totaling them up to make my recommendation. (This was discussed and told to us in the webinar as the method so I am just repeating what was said). I then made my recommendation referencing the table, explaining why it maximizes shareholder return *****always refer to actual numbers.† A1aâ€Å"I justified my recommendation by talking about how the other approaches were not maximizing shareholder return and why, referencing the outcomes and what was causing their earnings per share to be lower Talk about all of the other approaches and reference the actual numbers. I repeated my recommendation at the end to sum it up.† A2 â€Å"I gave an introduction describing capital budgeting, net present value, and internal rate of return, and referenced things from the Storyline that were applicable to this section in a paragraph describing the background of the scenario (what was going on with company). I then discussed NPV and IRR in individual sections where I referenced all of the numbers and told what they meant about whether or not the company should pursue the project. I gave brief explanation of how the numbers were calculated. At the end of each section for both IRR and NPV I made a recommendation about whether or not to pursue the project based on the NPV and IRR results in the spreadsheet.† A3 â€Å"I began by discussing the background from the storyline (why they need  working capital, how much they need) I then gave 3 ways the firm can obtain working capital. I then discussed 3 ways to properly manage working capital.I was told in the webinar to think about the accounts that make up working capital. I then discussed Lease vs. Buy. I started by giving the background from the storyline. It is supposed to be approached from the standpoint of which one BEST preserves working capital (on the task directions) I explained how they arrived at the numbers on the spreadsheet (A good resource to understand where all the numbers came from and how they were calculated is Buy or Lease? Commercial Property Decisions from recenter.tamu.edu website. I then told which one they should do based on which one better preserves working capital (from task directions). If you are confused just think about how WC is calculated.. I referenced numbers, years, etc all steps of the way.† A4 â€Å"I told what a merger is what earnings per share means and what the merger was saying about EPS and how it would affect shareholder returns. I told what an acquisition is what the NPV of the acquisition is and what that means. Always referencing the numbers. I then made a recommendation based on EPS in the merger before and after and NPV of the acquisition. This information comes from the webinar I am just repeating it.† â€Å"I hope my explanation of my method and tips from the webinar help, Timothy.† Timothy Minyard, Student, July 2014. A1 and A2 – Low and Moderate Sales and Calculations â€Å"Hello, when completing the first two task prompts, is it necessary to analyze both the low and the moderate outcomes? For example, on the Capital Structure tab it gives you the moderate EBIT to use, are we expected to enter the low as well? Also, on the Capital Budgeting tab, do we discuss both scenarios of low and moderate planning?† â€Å"Task 3 A1, use only the moderate demand. A2, Capital Budget analyze both low and moderate demands.† Dr. Cherry, CM, July 2014 A2 – Internal Rate of Return as listed on Spreadsheet â€Å"On the spreadsheet (Task 3 Capital Budgeting Tab) the Internal Rate of  Return projections are listed for both low and moderate sales and then below is a IRR percentage. Yours could be different but my percentages are 8.7% and 10.1%. Are these percentages directly tied to the numbers above them or are they thresholds? If they are NOT thresholds, where do I find good suggestions for an appropriate threshold for IRR?† â€Å"10%. It is listed in the storyline.† Dr. Cherry, CM, August 2014 A3 â€Å"I am unable to find information or chapters on Lease vs. Buy. Any assistance would be appreciated.† â€Å"There is a SkillSoft titled Managerial Decisions and Capital Budgeting that has a section on Lease or Buy Decisions and Make or Buy Decisions. You can find it under the Financial Analysis Course Materials for The Best Structure and Use of Capital section.† Adrian Thompson, Student, June 2014. A3Question I find this part of Task 3 to be misleading. The task states: Discuss how working capital can be properly obtained and managed for the Canadian expansion. The discussion should consider the lease-versus-buy analysis (Spreadsheet tab: Task 3_Lease vs Buy). This, to me, is asking how can we obtain working capital for the Canadian expansion? Then when I look at the Task 3 Lease vs Buy spreadsheet, it says The $200,000 in working capital and $50,000 down payment would have to be internally funded. This I feel is telling me that the working capital has to be internally funded. Therefore, for the question A3, I answered how the company can internally fund working capital in order to expand into Canada. I got it returned to me for However, other ways to obtain working capital, besides internal generation, should also be discussed. Sorry, I just needed to vent. This is the 2nd time Ive had this task returned and this one frustrated me. I am really struggling with understanding the lease vs buy option. I  submitted my task and received the following response from the Grader The submission provides a good discussion of how to properly obtain and mange working capital for the Canadian Expansion. The recommendation to lease is presented; however, to fully support the decision an evaluation of the PV of outflows should be considered. What am I missing and what should I focus on. Should I be discussing that one yielding the higher NPV should be selected? Any thoughts and comments would be greatly appreciated.† â€Å"In the lease vs buy scenario, we discussing cash outflows, so you would want to select the option that will cost the company the least amount of working capital.† Dr. Cherry, CM, august 2014 A3 Lease vs Buy â€Å"I have a question on the financial information tab for Lease vs. Buy. The after tax cash flows for the lease option are $58,500 each year and Im wondering how we would arrive at this number? The storyline states that the five-year lease would entail payments of $90,000 each year for 5 years. It seems a stretch that the after tax cash flows would go all the way down to $58,500 from $90,000. Can anyone shed some light on this for me? Thanks!† â€Å"$90,000 * (1 tax rate) = $90,000 * .65† Dr. Cherry, CM, August 2014 A4Allocation of Overhead As we consider the merit of opening or acquiring a Canadian operation, should we be concerned with the allocation of overhead and shared services, such as Executive Comp and some aspects of shared services such as A/P and A/R salary costs? Without these allocations, the US operations will carry the whole burden. James Crowe, July 2014 â€Å"When considering the merger vs acquisition, first analyze the two projects to determine if both are financial viable. If so, then continue on with qualitative pros and cons.† Dr. Cherry, CM, July 2014

A Cultural Examination of the Russian Federation Essay -- cultural mar

â€Æ' Introduction In 1991, the great social experiment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics dissolved. The empire spanning almost five centuries, from the remnants of the Golden Horde to Stalin's "new Russia" (Hoskins, 1997) from Poland to the Pacific disappeared, leaving a political-sociological void that is only now moving towards resolution. Still the largest nation in the world (Shultz, 2000), Russia spans two continents, multiple time zones, and a land area that diminishes that of the United States. Although it no longer demonstrates the breadth of cultural conglomeration existing in the era of Soviet existence, the Russian Federation provides for an interesting cultural examination, and will be the basis of this paper. Specifically, this paper will examine six different areas of culture noted by the Hofstede Centre's 6-D model; power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, pragmatism, and indulgence. A bar-graph of the various scorings of Russia by the standards of the Hofstede Centre to provide a visual representation of the information to be examined in this paper is provided below. Providing a cultural baseline also will assist the reader in examining a nation such as Russia, therefore the author has included cultural references and notations to the United States of America. As well, though it is outside the scope of this paper, a brief historical examination of different areas of Russia's culture will be offered, as to fully understand a nation's cultural existence and development, knowledge of its history is required. Power Distance The dimension of power distance, according to the Hofstede Centre, indicates that â€Å"[t]he extent to which the less powerful members within ... ...Soviet era, it will be of interest to examine these cultural markers and see if the nation will remain as it has throughout much of similar changes, or if Russia will truly redefine herself as the 21st century continues. References Hosking, G. (1997). Russia: People and empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. K., P. A. (2011). In this issue: Russia's special path. Russian Social Science Review, 52(6), 3. Kostenk, N. V. (2011). Information-culture styles in Russia and Ukraine. Sociological Research, 50(4), 57-86. Russia. (n.d.). In The Hofstede Centre. Web. January 28, 2015, from http://geert- hofstede.com/russia.html Schultze, S. (2000). Culture and customs of Russia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. United States. (n.d.). In The Hofstede Centre. Web. January 28, 2015, from http://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html

Information to commit a crime Essay

The article from The Mail on Sunday spreads over 2/3s of a page. It is at first glance more interesting than the previous article because it contains a large color picture of Lord Archer and his wife, and a smaller picture of the book he has recently published. Articles with pictures beside them seize the reader’s attention. The caption under the picture of Archer and his wife reads ‘inside job:’ which suggests a crime has been committed from inside prison. ‘Inside job’ is a word used to refer to those who use their access to privileged information to commit a crime. It is an exaggerated and dramatic term to use, which will catch the reader’s interest. ‘Archer could pocket a fortune from his prison diary, left, which could ease his and wife Mary’s cash flow problems’ This sentence is intended to be humorous because it is sarcastic. The lord and lady are not expected to have any money troubles or ‘cash flow problems’. Humor is a method used by journalists to incite their readers. Also, here is introduced a motive for releasing the book that was not mentioned in the other article. However the article does not hold substantial evidence that this is true, and not just a conclusion drawn by the reporter for the purpose of obtaining public interest. The article says that this had been said by ‘sources close to the family’. Nevertheless it does go on to say that Archer recently paid out 2. 7 million to Express Newspapers. The Mail on Sunday article is similarly set out in columns. Unlike The Sunday Telegraph this article contains larger font for the first two paragraphs of the article. This is done because it contains the basis of the story and larger font stands out more. There is one enlarged quote, which reads ‘He simply put his memoirs in the post’. The reporter chose to enlarge this because it will surprise the readers. It is a controversial point: should Archer really have just been allowed to post his memoirs. The article uses language such as ‘far from smuggling the manuscript out ‘ which suggests this is what would have been expected. The article goes on to explain that prison authorities can check prisoners outgoing post and that they could have censored Archer’s book. This leaves the reader wondering why they allowed Archer’s book to get out. Could it be because he is a Lord and has high social status than the average prisoner? I think that is what the article is suggesting throughout. It does this because it wants to raise a point, make the readers think and get their attention. The language in this article uses more adjectives than the Sunday Telegraph article, examples of this are: Calls were made for Archer to be dealt with ‘harshly’. A spokesman ‘criticized’ the prison service. This has the effect of persuading to the reader to agree with the reporter’s point of view. Unlike the Sunday Telegraph article it refuses to sit on the fence. Both the articles are similar to each other in some of the ways they were written. For instance it is written like a story with intervening quotes and opinions from different people. Frances Crook says ‘anyone should have the right to free speech and free expression’. The article also stops to explain facts to the reader such as ‘letters or phone calls to or from the prison can be read’. The Mail on Sunday talks about many more different aspects relating to the story than the Sunday telegraph which chooses to stick to the main story. The Mail on Sunday article speaks of the ‘cash flow problem’. It explains what else has happened to Archer whilst he has been in prison, ‘used a weekend home leave to attend a champagne party’ and ‘lavish lunches with prison staff ‘. The word ‘lavish’ suggests to the reader that Archer is having an easy time, living the life of a high society, rich man. It is said because the reporter feels that Archer should not be treated as well as he is, because he is a criminal. It goes on to explain that these ‘breaches of prison rules’ has meant he has been transferred. The first paragraph of this article says Archer is ‘expected to escape any severe punishment’ for publishing his Prison Diaries. It also states that the diary is likely to net him at least 300,000. The word ‘escape’ suggests to the reader that Archer deserves a punishment and is getting out of it. The 300,000 is also a lot less than the 500,000 the Sunday Telegraph said Archer had gained. The effect of money written of in the first paragraph is also make the reader interested and angry that Archer has received so much money but will not be punished for his crime. The title stating that the punishment for Archer’s crime is to have his TV removed is not completely accurate. A prison service insider as one of a number of possible punishments mentioned it. The article picked up on this and enlarged its importance to capture reader’s attention because it sounds like a stupid and unfair punishment. The article also mentions that ‘under Prison Rule 55, Archer could have seven weeks added to his sentence’. However this is still a lot less than the ‘extra year’ mentioned in the other article. The two Newspaper articles were very similar in many ways because they were of the same type of media. I found the main differences between them were the main facts of their stories, the punishments disagreed with each other. They both used different techniques for get the readers attention. The purpose of this was to capture and maintain an interest in the article. The overall purpose is to sell newspapers, and make money. The Sunday Telegraph is known to be a more trustworthy newspaper than tabloids such as the Mail on Sunday. The article in the Sunday Telegraph was a straightforward news event and it had no signs of being biased. All the facts were presented The Mail on Sunday appealed more to people’s need for gossip and scandal, it tried to make the reader feel annoyed and shocked. This article was better at catching the reader’s eye because of the layout and bright pictures. I think the Mail on Sunday also did a better job of maintaining the reader’s interest because most people like to read about the more scandalous side of stories and it is more interesting when an article sways your emotions. The Sunday Telegraph, can be trusted to give a relatively non-biased true account but it is less interesting to read. The language in both articles was very similar; both used simple, factual writing backed up with quotes.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer

I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer every day. This is partly because sitting in front of the screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of what they are using the computer for. However, the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children. These are often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent. The player is usually the hero of the game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centered an insensitive to others. Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends, it is no substitute for human interaction. Spending time with other children and sharing non- virtual experiences is an important part of a child's development that can't be provided by a computer. In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. Their adult wold will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the wold today. There fore it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives. I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers. Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, learning to live in a virtual word.

buy custom Hone Tuwhare essay

buy custom Hone Tuwhare essay Hone Tuwhare published it in 1964. It was the best-selling poem. He was the first person of Maori ancestry in New Zealand to write a book in English. Since then he was a famous poet and wrote several other poems. The theme of the poem was the anti-nuclear theme. He metaphorically used the sun, which has natural radiation, to represent the bomb. The bomb is a nuclear radiation. The poems title shows that the author is very convinced that ordinary sun does not exist. He attempts to prove this in his poem. He claims that sun can never be ordinary since it is the main source of human survival. The metaphor of the sun and the nuclear bomb shows that the bomb can never be a natural radiation. He then uses a tree as a natural metaphor to represent the presence of human life on the planet. In the first line, tree let your arms fall, the author uses the tree arms to represent the manmade military. The rest of the first stanza shows the tree and the sun are at different hierarchy levels. The use of axe and fire is a signal that the tree should avoid its traditions. This shows that there is a documented problem between the tree and the sun. In the second stanza, the writer continues to show the hierarchical differences between the tree and the sun. The sun reveals of how the tree will be when it accomplishes its plans. It reveals of how the landscape will be when the nuclear explosion gets accomplished. The author says tree let your naked arms fall. This means that the tree cannot be the servant of the sun. The sun has won. The line the fading green of your fading emanations shall not make pure again reveals how awful the world will look after the bomb. These polluted skies shows the nuclear gases effect on the sky, as they will not be clear again. The repeated negations in the second, last, stanza represent the metaphor negating the title of the poem. It even ends the stanza with no ordinary sun. The line, sap shall not rise again, to the moons pull shows gravitational power between the earth and the cosmos coming to a halt. In the poem the relationship between the sun and the tree ceases to exist. As the writer concludes, the tree is no longer the metaphor for human. The writer fails to use metaphors. He shows how the unheeding humans figures turn to the monstrous power, oblivious of the damage it has done. In the last stanza, the use of shadowless mountains, White Plains and drag sea floors shows the effects of the nuclear attacks. The whole poem is also a metaphor to represent the nuclear bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The people got permanent scars on their bodies. The nuclear bomb had an effect on their genes. In the poem, the effects relate to the fading green trees and blue skies. Bus Journey South by Hone Tuwhare In the poem Bus Journey South, he shows how a confused Maori member is when he finds himself in the south, where there are no Maori people. He uses the metaphor of his ego getting crushed into pocket size Gulliver pebbles. In the story of the giaant man Gulliver, pebbles were so tiny that he could barely see them with his naked eyes. This metaphor shows how the writers confidence and self-esteem had been diminished. In the last part of the poem he says I suck my Gulliver pebble: spit it out again. Too much. The metaphor here reveals to us his amazement about his surroundings. He shows the extent when he says too much. Too much also serves as a colloquial expression. The metaphor that shows the subject is the first three lines of the poem where the mountains stand away at a distance, radar like tracking, cutting my ego, down to a pocket size Gulliver pebble. Author treats the mountains like living creatures. He therefore believes in animism. The bus belches away represents the sound of the bus moving as it changes gears. The writer looks behind and feels the sadness of leaving. This is underlined in metaphor when he says dead leaves lying lightly by the road rise, pirouette and collapse in a twinkling whirlpool of amber light. Normally this is how leaves behave when a car passes by. The whole poem appears as a metaphor. Its role is to show how the community in New Zealand was perceived. It is also evident that Hone used colloquial expressions in his poems. He uses other stylistic figures like allegory and humor to write his poems. The use of the metaphors in his poems shows that they are essential in writing of poems. He was, therefore, announced as a legendary poet. Hone Tuwhare died in 2008. His poems have been turned into songs by some famous musicians. Buy custom Hone Tuwhare essay

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army

Gouverneur K. Warren - Civil War - Major General - Union Army Gouverneur K. Warren - Early Life Career: Born at Cold Spring, NY on January 8, 1830, Gouverneur K. Warren was named for a local Congressman and industrialist.   Raised locally, his younger sister, Emily, later married Washington Roebling and played a key role in the building of the Brooklyn Bridge.   A strong student, Warren obtained admission to West Point in 1846.   Traveling a short distance down the Hudson River, he continued to display his academic skills as a cadet.   Graduating second in the Class of 1850, Warren received a commission as a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers.   In this role, he traveled west and aided in projects along the Mississippi River as well as helped plan routes for railroads. Serving as an engineer on Brigadier General William Harneys staff in 1855, Warren first experienced combat at the Battle of Ash Hollow during the First Sioux War.   In the wake of the conflict, he continued to survey the lands west of the Mississippi with the goal of determining a route for the transcontinental railroad.   Ranging through the Nebraska Territory, which included parts of modern-day Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana, Warren helped create the first detailed maps of the region as well  as extensively surveyed the Minnesota River Valley.   Gouverneur K. Warren -  The Civil War Begins: A first lieutenant, Warren had returned east by 1861 and filled a post at West Point teaching mathematics.   With the beginning of the Civil War in April, he departed the academy and began aiding in raising a local regiment of volunteers.   Successful, Warren was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 5th New York Infantry on May 14.   Ordered to  Fortress Monroe, the regiment took part in Major General  Benjamin Butlers defeat at the Battle of Big Bethel on June 10.   Sent to Baltimore in late July, the  regiment aided in constructing fortifications on Federal Hill.   In  September, following the promotion of the 5th New Yorks commander, Colonel Abram Duryà ©e, to brigadier general, Warren assumed command of the regiment with the rank of colonel. Returning to the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, Warren advanced with Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac and took part in the Siege of Yorktown.   During this time, he frequently assisted the armys chief topographical engineer, Brigadier General Andrew A. Humphreys, by conducting reconnaissance missions and drafting maps.   As the campaign progressed, Warren assumed command  of a brigade in Brigadier General George Sykes division of  V Corps.   On  June 27, he sustained a wound in the leg during the Battle of Gaines Mill, but remained in command.   As the Seven Days Battles progressed he again  saw action at the Battle of  Malvern Hill where his men aided in repelling Confederate assaults.   Gouverneur K. Warren -  Ascent to Command:   With the failure of the Peninsula Campaign, Warrens brigade returned north and saw action at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August.   In the fighting, his men were driven back by a massive assault from Major General James Longstreets corps.   Recovering, Warren and his command were present the following month at the Battle of Antietam but remained in reserve during the fighting.   Promoted to brigadier general on September 26, he continued to lead his brigade and returned to combat in December during the Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg.   With the ascent of Major General Joseph Hooker to command of the Army of the Potomac in  early 1863, Warren received an assignment as the armys chief topographical engineer.   This soon saw him advance to become the  armys chief engineer. In May, Warren saw action at the Battle of Chancellorsville  and though  it resulted in a stunning  victory for General Robert E. Lees  Army of  Northern Virginia, he was commended for his performance in the campaign.   As Lee began moving north to invade Pennsylvania, Warren advised Hooker on the best routes for intercepting the enemy.   When Major General George G. Meade succeeded Hooker on June 28, he continued to  help direct the armys movements.   As the two armies clashed at the Battle of Gettysburg  on July 2, Warren recognized the importance of the heights at Little Round Top which was situated off the Union left.   Racing Union forces to the hill, his efforts just prevented Confederate  troops from seizing the  heights and turning Meades flank.   In the fighting, Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlains 20th Maine famously held the line against the attackers.  Ã‚  In recognition for his actions at Gettysburg, Warren received a promotion to major general o n August 8. Gouverneur K. Warren - Corps Commander: With this promotion, Warren assumed command of II Corps as  Major General Winfield S. Hancock had been badly wounded at Gettysburg.   In October, he led the corps to victory over Lieutenant General A.P. Hill at the Battle of Bristoe Station and showed skill and discretion  a month later during the Mine  Run Campaign.   In the spring of 1864, Hancock returned to active duty and the Army of the Potomac reorganized under guidance of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Meade.   As a part of this, Warren received command of V Corps on March 23.   With the beginning of the Overland Campaign in May, his men saw extensive fighting during the Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House.   As Grant pushed south, Warren and the armys cavalry commander, Major General Philip Sheridan, repeatedly  clashed as the latter felt that the V Corps leader was too cautious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the armies moved closer to Richmond, Warrens corps again saw action at Cold Harbor before shifting further south to enter the Siege of Petersburg.   In an effort to force the situation, Grant and Meade began extending Union lines south and west.   Moving as part of these operations, Warren won a victory over Hill at the Battle of Globe Tavern in August.   A month later, he achieved another success in the fighting around Peebles Farm.   During this time, Warrens relationship with Sheridan remained strained.   In February 1865, he saw substantial action at the Battle of Hatchers Run.   Following the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Fort Stedman in late March 1865, Grant instructed Sheridan to strike Confederate forces at the key crossroads of Five Forks.    Though Sheridan requested Major General Horatio G. Wrights VI Corps support the operation, Grant instead assigned V Corps as it was better positioned.   Aware of Sheridans issues with Warren, the Union leader gave the former permission to relieve him if the situation warranted.   Attacking on April 1, Sheridan soundly defeated enemy forces led by Major General George Pickett at the Battle of Five Forks.   In the fighting, he believed that V Corps moved too slowly and that Warren was out of position.   Immediately after the battle, Sheridan relieved Warren and replaced him with Major General Charles Griffin.    Gouverneur K. Warren - Later Career: Briefly sent to lead the Department of Mississippi, an irate Warren resigned his commission as a major general of volunteers on May 27 and reverted to his rank of major of engineers in the regular army.   Serving in the Corps of Engineers for the next seventeen years, he worked along the Mississippi River and aided in the construction of railroads.   During this time, Warren  repeatedly requested a court of inquiry into his actions at Five Forks in an effort to clear his reputation.   These were refused until Grant left the White House.   Finally, in 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes ordered a court convened.   After extensive hearings and testimony, the court concluded that Sheridans actions had been unjustified.    Assigned to Newport, RI, Warren died there on August 8, 1882, three months before the courts findings were formally published.   Only fifty-two, the cause of death was listed as acute liver failure related to diabetes.   As per his wishes, he was buried locally in Island Cemetery with no military honors and wearing civilian clothes.    Selected Sources: Civil War Trust: Gouverneur K. WarrenCivil War: Gouverneur K. WarrenNNDB: Gouverneur K. Warren

Courage at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Courage at work - Essay Example Though the task was monumental for me at that early age, I gained courage and effectively rose to the big task that awaited me. I perfectly run the hospital well for two consecutive years. After completion of my first two years, an extremely critical decision that I have never faced in my entire career faced me. Overreact senior member in the ministry of health came knocking at my door with a hefty offer. The gentleman wanted me to append my signature as a sign of acceptance for the ministry to import Anti-revival drugs from United State. The deal showed that the government was importing first class drugs from United State. So the gentleman wanted to collude with me as a senior doctor so that he could import counterfeit drugs from China. There stood a conflicting situation on whether to agree to deal or to follow my conscious and act on the welfare of the patients. Luckily the urge inside me to protect the patient welfare won. I gained courage and disagreed to the deal. Luckily I tricked the officer, and I managed to record the conversation on my computer. After reputing the deal, I got demoted. I was transferred, to an exceedingly local dispensary in extremely remote area. However I did not regret my courageous action to protect the innocent patients who in the beginning of my professional I swore to. They successfully managed to forge their way though and luckily succeeded in importing the counterfeit drugs. Before they got distributed to relevant hospitals, the quality department issued an order to stop the distribution of drugs. A thorough research followed, and drugs were found to be counterfeit. I was asked to testify. I used the recorded conversation with the senior guy who had made me got demoted. The senior gentleman and his puppet who was appointed after my demotion lost their job. They were held by police for further investigation and prosecution.

What Factors did Account for South Africas 1994 Transition to Essay

What Factors did Account for South Africas 1994 Transition to Democracy - Essay Example This period was associated with racial, social, political and economic segregation which led to apartheid. On February 2nd 1990, President FW Clerk released a speech that hinted to a decisive moment in South Africa’s struggle for democracy (Decalo 7-35)1. The day is highly regarded by many South Africans as it marked the commissioning of the release of Nelson Mandela (11th of February) and other detainees who had been arrested in the process of the struggle. This paved way for open negotiations. South Africa had been going through long struggles for democracy in a sub-society that chiefly consisted of whites at the helm of leadership and power and non-white sub-society with little or no influence in governance matters. Factors that led to the transition in South Africa can be classified as both internal and external. In his book, Coups and Army Rule in Africa: Motivations and Constraints, Samuel Decalo, argues that the transitions that led to democratization in South Africa we re majorly internal. The democratic changes that occurred in SA are also linked to international factors. According to Sola Akinrinade and Amadu Sesay in their book Africa in the Post-Cold War International System (eds.) the external factor that influenced transition in South Africa includes democratization in Eastern Europe and the End of Cold War. ... The limited freedom of expression saw most opposition parties denied access to the media when conducting their political functions. The media content was normally dominated by news on the authoritarian governments. This had to be curbed with revolution being the only effective tool (Decalo 20).4 Another factor suggested by Decalo is the institutional factor (25-35).5 Most of the dynamics that characterized the negotiations were institutionalized in the post apartheid period. This led to a significant stability and consolidation of democracy. The rules, norms, formal and informal principles were widely accepted by the majority making the transition process possible. According to Decalo, the most crucial dynamic that underwent institutionalization is constitutionalism whereby all political groupings and civil organizations accepted the rule of law. The democratic changes that occurred in SA are also linked to international factors. According to Sola Akinrinade and Amadu Sesay in their book Africa in the Post-Cold War International System (eds.) the external factor that influenced transition in South Africa includes democratization in Eastern Europe and the End of Cold War. The end of World War II saw a rise in global political struggle for power between the United States and its associates from the West, and the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, allies of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe (Akinrinade & Sesay, 92-128).6 According to Akinrinade and Sesay (1998), the Eastern Europe group had less developed governments democratically and in the 1980s, the Soviet Union and its Eastern Europe allies went through vigorous democratic transitions, a period that also saw East and South East Asian countries leave

Annotated Outline and Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Outline and Bibliography - Assignment Example In the military, leaders are in place to train new leaders and in business the means for teaching leadership is not different. As the Chief Executives within an organization, their influence is something that people look up to for guide on how the daily operation should run. Influence is the active relationship among people; however, also inherent in this definition is the concept that influence is multidirectional and noncoercive (Draft and Lane, 2008). A governing board is put together to run as a unit in order to get the job done, but the current means of getting that done is illustrated through the leadership on the board. The means of how one leads can also become a problem, especially if that management style is one that micro manages employees. Communication plays a pivotal part when examining quality issues within an organization. In regards to communication, the lack of proper channels to relay information is one of many problems within RHC. Current leadership lacks the skill especially to professionally transmit verbal communication. This book characterizes a number of the finest methods, organization, and outcomes for various key areas of management in a healthcare organisation. According to the author, the manager has to apply a number of processes and designs to ensure quality in the organisation. These include open systems, community-focused strategic management, and continuous improvement are discussed along with issues such as personal and public health, patient motivations, and safe, effective, efficient patient care. The governing board is important based on its mission and vision, budgeting, quality, membership, board performance, compensation, effectiveness, and legal issues regarding board membership and authority. Basing on the decision theory used to constitute a clinical quality improvement model, RHC may implement protocols to improve the quality of healthcare in accordance with realistic

Managing Change At Sainsburys In Todays Economy Management Essay

Managing Change At Sainsburys In Todays Economy Management Essay Today world business is changing rapidly cause of changing in environment, changing in customer demand, change in political and economic front. There is tight competition also affect change. Change also changing with respect of situation and demand of change. Change gives future vision and without change we cannot getting better opportunity. Change is intact in today world. Sainsburys is longest standing major food retailing chain in the United Kingdoms. Their supermarket offers 30,000 products, 50% of which are Sainsburys own brand. Sainsburys success depends in wide range of quality food and grocery products, many stores offers meat and fish counters, pharmacies, coffee shop, restaurant and gas stations. Sainsburys need change in HR training system. I observe that employee of Sainsburys get training normally in the store. I would like to change training system by developing centralise training system. In this assignment I explain background to change in Sainsburys than I develop a system that involves stack holder introduction of change. After that I discuss merits and demerits of system which is use for change in Sainsburys. I use appropriate models for change in Sainsburys and finally, I implement change through this model. Background to change affecting Sainsburys Background to change that exist in todays economy Change management is plan, initiate, realize, control, and finally stabilize change processes on both, corporate and personal level. Change may cover such diverse problems as for example strategic direction or personal development programs for staff. (Oliver Recklies, 2003) Internal forces Human resource problems and prospects This problem is stem from employee perception of how they are treated at work and the match between individual and Sainsburys need and desires. The relationship between employees unmet need and job dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction is a symptom of an underlying employee problem that should be addressed. Unusual or high level of absenteeism and staff turnover also represent forces for change. Sainsburys might respond to these problems by reducing employees role conflict, overload and ambiguity and also by removing the different stressors. Positive change stem from employee participation and suggestions. Managerial Behaviour and decisions Excessive interpersonal conflict between managers and their subordinates is a sign that change is needed in Sainsburys. Both the manager and employee may need interpersonal skills training and the two individuals may simply need to be separated. For example, one of the parties might be transferred to a new department. Inappropriate behaviour shown by leaders, such as inadequate direction or support may require change in the response to these human resource problems. External forces There are four key external forces change demographic characteristics, technological advancements, market changes and social and political pressures. Demographic characteristics Demographic changes are occurring in the workforce of Sainsburys. Two key trends identified in this discussion were that: workforce is more diverse and there is a business imperative to manage diversity affectivity. They are to receive maximum contribution and commitment from employee. Technological Advancements Service organisation is increasingly using technology as a means to improve productivity and market competitiveness in Sainsburys. Companies, for instance, have automated their operation with computerised numerical control, which is used for mental cutting operations and computer aided design. Companies also use computer integrated services. This high technical process attempts to integrate product design with product design with product planning control and operations in Sainsburys. Centralise training system can develop by latest technology. Market change The emergence of a global economy is forcing Sainsburys to change the way they do business. For example, many Japanese companies have to discontinue their job for life philosophy because of increased international competition. To get competitive advantage Sainsburys can use centralise training system in department of HR. Social and Political Pressures These forces are created by social and political events in Sainsburys likewise harmful product selling give a lot of pressure to company. This pressure is being exerted through legislative bodies. Political event can create substantial change. Although, it is difficult for organisation like Sainsburys to predict changes in political forces, many organisation hire lobbyists and consultants to help them detect and response to social and political change. Bureaucracy in Sainsburys Bureaucracy is concerned with efficiency, with division of labour, with rigid chain of command, with clear distinctions and rationality. Job specialization Job specialization is the process to give particular task to the employee with limitation of performing activities. Strength Every employees of Sainsburys know their duty and area of contribution so all members of Sainsburys do specific tasks to achieve goal that given by company. This way employee gain specialisation in their job. It increases efficiency in work through repetition of job. Job specialization gives more and more expertise in work. Weakness To do repetitive work through employee can reduce overall productivity and it also prevents their knowledge and skill in Sainsburys. There is limitation to do work in employee choice. Employee got one part of skill rather than complete skill in organisation. Job specialization does not give training of all area of knowledge which reduces the confidence of employee to do other activities. Employment and career Strength It is necessary to appoint appropriate person to particular position in Sainsburys. Sainsburys have a wide range of learning and development available using variety of methods like workshops, activity and coaching training, workbooks at all. Sainsburys also recruit graduates because they need quick thinking innovators leading the business. Sainsburys offers promotion to the employee in the basis of their performance. Weakness Individuals throughout the Sainsburys are promoted to their level of incompetence and it can restrict the psychological growth of the individual in their job. Global changing environment directly effect on employment and career. Current economic situation shows that generation of new employment and career growth get harder. Rules and procedures Strength All employees know that what are Sainsburys rules and procedures which improve work efficiency. Strict rules on position qualifications and code of conduct, Sainsburys get proper information which is helps to achieve company objectives. Weakness With the help of rules give minimum level of acceptable performance in Sainsburys. Employee leads to individual and sub unit goals which replace Sainsbury objectives. It gives delay in work and employee cannot produce more productivity in work Alternative forms of organisational development Total Quality Management Quality is a difficult criterion to assess because it depends on the expectation of a product on services. Sainsburys may choose radically for qualities of their output apply Total quality management. TQM exist when the needs of the customers of Sainsburys may try to meet and communicate about these needs with its customer. Furthermore, all departments in Sainsbury need to aim for high quality, the back office departments included. Finally, quality is a continuous improvement project because quality can always be improved and it also depends on customer needs, which are frequently changing. TQM may be part of Sainsburys because TQM trough we can change in centralise training system. Kaizen Kaizen is Japanese export, and have been used worldwide. Sainsburys Membership is voluntary, and member are drawn from a particular department, No financial rewards are given for team suggestions, Members receive training in problem solving, statistical quality control and team processes, Their problem solving domain is defined by management, Meeting are held weekly, usually in company time, often with trained facilitators helping members with training issue and helping them to manage the meetings. Sainsburys may include quality improvement, quality enhancement and employee involvement. Kaizen may be part of Sainsburys, with the help of kaizen we can change centralise training system. Business Process re-engineering Sainsburys may report significant improvements in performance as a result of applying re-engineering methods. The fresh start, blank sheet approach ignores past history and current practice in favour of considering how best to structure of the Sainsburys and design work to meet the needs of todays business and customers. The process orientation also represents a departure from most traditional approaches to analysis Sainsburys. A process is simply a set of activities that delivers a product or a service to a customer. The customer of Sainsburys may be eventual user of the product or service, or it could be an internal customer the person or section responsible for the next set of activities in the overall process. BPR may be part of Sainsburys, we can use BPR to change centralise training system in Sainsburys. Learning organisation It is generally recognised that Sainsburys ability to learn is a key strategic weapon. They emphasised a range of activities that are all part of knowledge management. Learning is in its simplest form a process of retention of response patterns for subsequent use but it can also be active process of experimenting and understanding the reasons behind events. Sainsburys learning requires the institutionalisation and acceptance of knowledge spread again among the member through socialisation. Organisation needs tools for this institutionalisation process, such as communication channels, storage systems, knowledge sharing processes, storytelling at all. Sainsburys may one that proactively creates, acquires and transfer knowledge and that change its behaviour on the basis of new knowledge and insights. Learning organisation may be part of Sainsburys so we may change centralise training system with help of learning organisation in Sainsburys. System for involving other in process of change in the Sainsburys 2.1 system involve appropriate stake holders in the introduction of change A core element of the functioning of system is the interdependence between the component parts of a system. (Kelly, Ryan, Altman Stelzner, 2000) In this assignment I would like to change in HR training system and I would like to develop centralise training system in Sainsburys. To develop this system, I involve stakeholders like employee, customer, manager, line manager and management of Sainsburys. Advertisement Management give advertisement to aware about the change in centralise training system which can through employee, manager, line manager get centralise training. This centralise training will help to achieve company target and their own goal. Customers get benefit about services of Sainsburys. Advertisement is effective way to promote and get aware about change in centralise training system in Sainsburys. Employee, manager and line manager to make video add which can help to implement centralise training system in Sainsburys. Advertisement through employee, manager and line manager can aware about change in advertisement system. Print media Print media is very effective way to promote change in centralise training system. Quick turnover of newspaper is good medium to reach the customer. With magazine advertise can focus in on a specific target audience. Poster is more effective way of outdoor advertising. Employee, manager and line manager make printed paper of centralise training system change in Sainsburys. Customer can get detail printed paper. Print media through employee, manager and line manger look change in centralise system in Sainsburys. Training and development There are many problem also come forward when we introduce change so to introduce change in effective way training and development is require. Sainsburys all staff like employee, supervisor, line manager, manager need to require training to introduce change in centralise training system. Training gives more reliability toward change and it direct connected success of change. Training through employee knows benefits of change and how it directly affects the Sainsburys growth. Employee, supervisor, line manager and manager make centralise programme which help to introduce change in Sainsburys. Word of mouth The word of mouth marketing is most effective way to affect services business. Centralise training system in HR, this change involves employee, customer and manager. It is positive change in training system which gives credibility of the service. It can promote by employee can discuss about the new services of Sainsburys. It is the way to give common response from the target market. This is long term marketing method. It is more successful and cost effective selling tool. Word of mouth through employee, customer and manger hear or listen about centralise training system change in Sainsburys. Online Online marketing mainly possible uses the internet and World Wide Web. To introduce change in centralise training system company involve customer and all employee of Sainsburys. Customer and all employee make online report of change centralise training system in Sainsburys. Company use Sainsburys website to promote change in centralise training system. Sainsburys employee sends e-mail by their customer to inform new change in services. To use online classified advertisement through company reach to the people. Online through customer and all employee get online information about change in centralise training system. Meeting When employee, mangers, supervisor discuss the change in centralise training system in HR and try to find out effective way of change. It is only possible by organising meeting. Meeting through they can discuss the problems that arise to introduce change and how can we solve the problem and knows the different view about development of system. Meeting through employee can aware about change in centralise training system. Analyse and evaluate the system Advertisement Merits Advertisement helps to promote centralise training system of HR department in Sainsburys. Advertisement of change in HR system gives positive image to their customer, employee and manager. Advertisement through us can directly cover mass number of customers. Demerits Advertisement is expensive things because for advertisement need so many activities, planning and time in Sainsburys. If change is not properly promote than it gives negative feedback to all the stakeholders of Sainsburys. Print media Merits It has a general and wide appeal. It can be repeated as long as advertise desire. The effectiveness of advertisement can also be estimated. The life is such longer than life of a newspaper. The get up is more attractive and use of colours is possible. Advertisement is accessible to each class of the society. Because of large circulation, low cost advertising. Demerits It has a very short span of life. The use of colours is often not possible. Illiteracy is also affects the utility of newspaper advertising. Advance planning is necessary limited circulation of magazines. Repetitive advertising is not possible. Training and development Merits It will increased productivity and reduce employee turnover. It increased efficiency resulting in financial gains and decreased need of supervision. It will build a more efficient, effective and highly motivated team which enhance the companys competitive position and improve employee morale. It will give sense of satisfaction through the achievement of personal and Sainsburys goal. Demerits Training requires new investment, time, training programme, training place as well as trainee. Particularly in Training period, employee cannot work that who already was working for Sainsburys because they spend time on acquire training. Training and development directly effect on company financial. Word of mouth Merits Word of mouth is very important and long term marketing approach. It is also cost effective and time consuming. It gives more powerful effect to the customer and employee of Sainsburys. There is no need any kind of training and knowledge. Demerits Word of mouth sometime creates conflict between customer or employee and Sainsburys change. Word of mouth increase confusion about the change which does not provide evidence of change. It may give wrong perception of change in Sainsburys. Online Merits Online marketing is give visual and written detail of change in Sainsbury. It is time consuming and less expensive. It depends on online presentation of change in Sainsburys which give positive image to their customer, employee and manager. Demerits Online promotion through us cannot correlate all customer, employee and manager about change in Sainsburys. It only targets particular target group rather than all of them. Meeting Merits Meeting require discussion of change in Sainsburys with their employee, customer and managers. It is effective way to decrease problems as much and try to solve by meeting. Demerits It only focuses particular target group so we cannot get feedback of all to introduce change in Sainsburys. It require place to organise meeting and in meeting, cannot get clear feedback of change in Sainsburys. Implement model for ensuring on going change in Sainsburys appropriate models for change There are so many models available for change but Business process re-engineering and total quality management are more appropriate implementation model for HR training change in Sainsburys. Business process re-engineering When considering change, start with black sheet of paper and redesign from scratch. Second, advocate a process orientation to the analysis and redesign of centralise training system in Sainsburys. The fresh start, blank sheet approach ignores past history of training system and current practice in favour of considering how best structure of centralise training system in Sainsburys and design work to meet the needs of todays business and customers. BPR is not a context sensitive approach. The process orientation also represents a departure from most traditional approaches to organizational analysis. A process is simply a set of activities that delivers centralise training system to employee, manager and line manager. Employee may be the eventual user of centralise training system or it could be an internal customer the person or section responsible for the next set of activities in the overall process. This is potentially radical because it requires a horizontal analysis of work along an activities chain. A typical business process re-engineering project has four main stages: (1) Process mapping: draw a flow chart of centralise training activity sequence. (2) Identify moment of truth: decide which step are critical, add value and introduce errors. (3) Generate redesign proposals: streamline the process, avoiding duplication and overlap (4) Implementation: put the redesign into effect change in Sainsburys. Total quality management Total quality management means that the organisations culture is defined by and supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through an integrated system of tools, techniques and training. This involves the continuous improvement of organisational process, resulting in high quality product and services. To do it rights the first time to eliminate costly rework and listen to learn from customer and employees. Make continuous improvement and every day matter. Build teamwork, trust and mutual respect. Quality consultant Richard J. Schonberger sum up TQM as continuous, customer centred, employee driven improvement. TQM is necessarily employee driven because service quality cannot be continually improved without the active learning and participation of every employee. Thus, in successful quality improvement programmes, TQM principles are embedded in the organisations culture. Despite variations in the language and scope of TQM programmes, it is possible to identify four common TQM principles. Quality is a difficult criterion to assess because it depends on the expectation of a product or service. Organisations who choose radically for quality of their output apply Total Quality Management. TQM exists when the needs of customers of the organisation are heard and the organisation tries to meet and communicate about these needs with its customers. Furthermore, all departments in the organisation need to aim for high quality, the back office department included. Finally, quality is a continuous improvement project because quality can always be improved and it also depends on customer needs, which are frequently changing. implementation process and outcomes Unfreezing Sainsburys run training and development of LGV1 driver, warehouse shift manger, team manager and warehouse operation individually. There is no centralise training programme for employee so Sainsburys get difference in productivity. Sainsburys identify this problem and they do planning to introduce centralise training system with help of developing perfect training programme with the help of employee, line manager, manager and management. Sainsburys can use Business Process Re-engineering model for change in training system. Sainsburys can use special trainer to give training and with the all equipment which is necessary for training. Moving Sainsburys ready to implement centralise training system for employee. This centralise training system improve productivity of employee. Sainsburys can open centralise training different store so employee cannot get problem to take centralise training in Sainsburys. Sainsburys can make live atmosphere in centralise training place so employee can enjoy training. Centralise training through company get more efficient staff. Freezing Sainsburys implemented centralise training system after that Sainsbury can get feedback from the employee, manger, line manager and supervisor. Sainsburys gather review of centralise training system. If is there any problem or treat remain, Sainsburys can implement problem by identify solution. When Centralise training system is resolving the entire problem than centralise training system runs perfectly in Sainsburys. Sainsburys try to consolidate this centralise training programme. Outcomes Centralise training system give same quality of training to every employee in Sainsburys. Centralise training system will help to increase productivity in Sainsburys. Centralise training through get motivation in work. Employees of Sainsburys get confidence in job and do their best in job. It helps to improve managerial and leadership quality in Sainsburys. It will reduce conflict and problem of employee, manager, line manager, and supervisor in working environment. Sainsburys may achieve high quality organisation in the UK by using centralise training system. Conclusion Sainsburys is the larger retailer in UK. Sainsburys need to give better customer services in UK. It can be possible by better training programme and Sainsburys can use centralise training programme through every employee can get same training in Sainsburys. It will directly affect Company performance and productivity. With the help of centralise training system employee can get motived and employee best work can come out through training. Sainsburys knows to get better satisfaction in customer service can possible with the help of centralise training system. Centralise training system boost more confidence in employee.